Habitat Factors that Determine the Movement of Sumatran Elephants at Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.3633Published:
2023-06-25Issue:
Vol. 9 No. 6 (2023): JuneKeywords:
Elephant’s track, Habitat factors, Sumatera elephantResearch Articles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Until now, conflicts between elephants and the community are still occurring, one of which is in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. This conflict has a negative impact on both elephants and society, so it is necessary to examine the habitat factors that determine the movement of Sumatran elephants. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the daily movement of the elephants and to analyze the habitat factors that influence elephant movement. Data was collected in the form of elephant movements in one period which were obtained from the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. 1-year results obtained from the GPS stated that there are two groups of elephants, the citra elephant group and the bunga elephant group. The results showed that groups of elephants in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park have lengths that ranged from 63 – 137 kilometers, with linear, zigzag and circular trajectories, and the frequency of points used is 2-6 repetitions with the time needed per-kilometers ranging from 110 – 518 minutes. Factors that influence elephant movement are track length, frequency of point used, time spent per-kilometers, altitude, slope, distance to settlements, distance to water sources, availability of feed, and availability of scrubbing trees
References
Abdullah, A., & Japisa, T. (2013). Karakteristik Habitat Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck) pada Habitat Terganggu di Ekosistem Hutan Seulawah. Jurnal Edubio Tropika, 1(1), 1–60. Retrieved from https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/JET/article/view/5224
Abdullah, Ali S., M., & Hilmayanti, P. (2017). Persepsi masyarakat sekitar kawasan konflik gajah dengan manusia terhadap konservasi gajah dan habitatnya di Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah , Aceh Besar. Jurnal Biologi Edukasi, 9(1), 16–19. Retrieved from https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/JBE/article/download/10156/8027
Abdullah, Asiah, & Japisa, T. (2012). Karakteristik Habitat Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus) di Kawasan Ekosistem Seulawah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, Biologi Edukasi Volume, 4(1), 41–45. Retrieved from https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/index.php/JBE/article/view/476
Afrizal, D., Rustiati, E. L., & Syahri, B. F. (2018). Teknik Pengamatan Pola Pergerakan Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus) dengan Teknologi GPS Collar Di Hutan Lindung Register 39 KPH IX Kota Agung Utara. Seminar Nasional Hasil-Hasil Penelitian. Retrieved from http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/10283/
Alfred, R., Williams, A. C., Vertefeuille, J., Payne, J., Andau, P., Ambu, L., Sipangkui, S., & Lim, A. (2006). Satellite Tracking of Borneo ’ s Pygmy Elephants Table of Contents (Issue June 2005). WWF International, Washington DC. Retrieved from https://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/stpe_1wwf.pdf
Berliani, K., Alikodra, H. S., Masy’ud, B., & Dikari Kusrini, M. (2016). Social, Economic, Cultural and Community Perception on Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Conflict Areas in Aceh Province. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 27(2), 170–181. Retrieved from http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied
Bohrer, G., Beck, P. S. A., Ngene, S. M., Skidmore, A. K., & Douglas-Hamilton, I. (2014). Elephant movement closely tracks precipitation-driven vegetation dynamics in a Kenyan forest-savanna landscape. Movement Ecology, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-3933-2-2
Gazeli, B. parta, Yoza, D., & Qomar, N. (2018). Karakteristik Habitat Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck.) di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo dan Sekitarnya, Provinsi Riau. Jom Faperta, 5 Edisi 2, 1–9. Retrieved from https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERTA/article/view/22492
Hedges, S., Tyson, M. J., Sitompul, A. F., Kinnaird, M. F., Gunaryadi, D., & Aslan. (2005). Distribution, status, and conservation needs of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biological Conservation, 124(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.004
Ikhsan, M. (2021). Mitigasi Konflik Manusia Dan Gajah Di Kawasan Sampoiniet Aceh Jaya [UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh]. Retrieved from https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/17845/
Imron, M. A. L. I., & Sinaga, J. O. (2013). Aktivitas Manusia dan Distribusi Banteng (Bos Javanicus D’alton 1832) di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 1(2), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.1553
Kuncoro, M. (2009). Metode riset untuk bisnis & ekonomi edisi 3: bagaimana meneliti dan menulis tesis (3rd ed.). Erlangga.
Mustafa, T., Abdullah, A., & Khairil, K. (2019). Analisis Habitat Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus) berdasarkan software smart di Kecamatan Peunaron Kabupaten Aceh Timur. BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi Dan Kependidikan, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v6i1.4041
Ndaimani, H., Murwira, A., Masocha, M., & Zengeya, F. M. (2017). Elephant (Loxodonta africana) GPS collar data show multiple peaks of occurrence farther from water sources. Cogent Environmental Science, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2017.1420364
Nugraha, D., H, G., & Khairijon. (2014). Pola Pergerakan dan Wilayah Jelajah Gajah Sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1874) dengan menggunakan GPS Radio Collar di kawasan Tesso Nilo, Riau. Jom Fmipa, 1(2), 607–612. Retrieved from https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFMIPA/article/view/4033
Nuryasin, Yoza, D., & Kausar. (2014). Dinamika dan Resolusi Konflik Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus ) terhadap Manusia di Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis. Jom Faperta, 1(2). Retrieved from https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERTA/article/view/3628
Nyhus, P., & Tilson, R. (2004). Agroforestry, elephants, and tigers: Balancing conservation theory and practice in human-dominated landscapes of Southeast Asia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 104(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.009
Ofrinaldi, Yoza, D., & Arlita, T. (2020). The Eating Behavior of Sumatran Elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck.) at The Team Flying Squad in the Tesso Nilo National Park (TNNP). Jom Faperta, 7(2), 9–19. Retrieved from https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFAPERTA/article/view/9569
Pla-Ard, M., Sukmasuang, R., & Srinopawan, K. (2020). Population characteristics and habitat suitability of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. European Journal of Ecology, 5(2), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.2478/eje-2019-0012
Pratiwi, P., Rahayu, P. S., Rizaldi, A., Iswandaru, D., & Winarno, G. D. (2020). Community Perception on the Conflict between Human and Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck 1847) in Way Kambas National Park. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 8(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl1898-108
Purwanuriski, L., Darmawan, A., Winarno, G. D., Febryano, I. G., Ismanto, I., & Sugiharti, T. (2022). Analisis Mitigasi Konflik Gajah Sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus, Temmick 1874) di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan. Jurnal Belantara, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.29303/jbl.v5i1.865
Rohman, W. A., Darmawan, A., Wulandari, C., & Dewi, B. S. (2019). Preferensi Jelajah Harian Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus) di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 7(3), 309. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl37309-320
Sitompul, A. F., Griffin, C. R., Rayl, N. D., & Fuller, T. K. (2013). Spatial and temporal habitat use of an Asian elephant in Sumatra. Animals, 3(3), 670–679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3030670
Suba, R. B., van der Ploeg, J., van’t Zelfde, M., Lau, Y. W., Wissingh, T. F., Kustiawan, W., de Snoo, G. R., & de Iongh, H. H. (2017). Rapid expansion of oil palm is leading to human–elephant conflicts in north Kalimantan province of Indonesia. Tropical Conservation Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917703508
Supranto. (2004). Analisis Multivariat Arti dan Interpretasi. Rineka Cipta.
TNBBS. (2021). Laporan Tahunan 2021.
Wato, Y. A., Prins, H. H. T., Heitkönig, I. M. A., Wahungu, G. M., Ngene, S. M., Njumbi, S., & van Langevelde, F. (2018). Movement patterns of African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in a Semi-arid Savanna suggest that they have information on the location of dispersed water sources. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 6(OCT), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00167
Widarjono, A. (2015). Analisis multivariat terapan (Edisi I, F). UPP STIM YKPN.
Author Biographies
M. Latif Hadinata, Institut Pertanian Bogor
Yanto Santosa, IPB University
Burhanuddin Masy’ud, IPB University
License
Copyright (c) 2023 M. Latif Hadinata, Yanto Santosa, Burhanuddin Masy’ud
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).