Reduction of Nitrite Levels in Edible Bird Nest on Lombok Island with Alkali Solution and Oxygen Water

Authors

Alvin Juniawan , Arista Suci Andini , Syuhriatin

DOI:

10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.9682

Published:

2025-02-25

Issue:

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): February

Keywords:

Alkali water, Edible bird nest, Nitrit, Oxygen water

Research Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Juniawan, A., Andini, A. S., & Syuhriatin. (2025). Reduction of Nitrite Levels in Edible Bird Nest on Lombok Island with Alkali Solution and Oxygen Water. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(2), 972–980. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.9682

Downloads

Metrics

PDF views
4

Abstract

In this study, sampling was carried out at 3 locations of swallow nest farmers, namely in East Lombok, Central Lombok and West Lombok. The type of swallow nest used in this study was the Linchi swallow nest. This study was a quantitative study, namely to find the best variation in soaking time with alkaline water and Oxygen Water to reduce nitrite levels. Sample measurement using a Uv-Vis spectrophotometer instrument and characterization using FTIR. The results of the study showed the highest reduction in nitrite levels using an alkaline solvent with a pH of 7.5, Central Lombok, East Lombok and West Lombok Edible Bird’s Nest Sample, respectively, as follows: 87.88%; 96.26%; and 94.59% with an optimum contact time of 30 minutes. While the highest reduction in nitrite levels for Central Lombok, East Lombok and West Lombok, Edible Bird’s Nest samples were as follows: 92.51%; 98.5%; and 97.85% with an optimum contact time of 15 minutes. This is also supported by FTIR spectra data from optimum conditions for reducing nitrite levels where the characteristics of the FTIR spectra in the 1400 cm-1 wavenumber region have a %T value after treatment> to %T before treatment. The results of the macronutrient test showed that the bird's nest contains carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. While the results of the phytochemical test showed that the bird's nest sample contained phenolic compounds. In this study, it has been successfully reduced nitrite levels in bird's nests using alkaline solvents pH 7.5 and Oxygen Water which is the latest method that is cheaper and more efficient.

References

Artaya, I. P. (2019). Regresi Linier Berganda Metode Dummy. In Qualitative Research Analysis Method. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30936.75526

Chamandoost, S., Fateh Moradi, M., & Hosseini, M. J. (2016). A Review of Nitrate and Nitrite Toxicity in Foods. Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 1(2), 80–86. Retrieved from https://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.html

Giechaskiel, B., & Clairotte, M. (2021). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy For Measurements Of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions: A Review. Applied Sciences, 11(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/App11167416

Guimarães, V., Azenha, M., & Durão, H. (2014). Detailed Validation Of A Method For The Determination Of Nitrate In Water By UV/Vis Spectroscopy. Journal Of AOAC International. https://doi.org/10.5740/Jaoacint.12-007

Hamzah, Z., Ibrahim, N., Hussin, K., Hashim, O., & Lee, B.-B. (2013). Nutritional properties of edible bird nest. Journal Of Asian Scientific Research, 3(6), 600. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/OX3xR

Hernández-López, A., Dinkova, T., & Avila Alejandre, A. X. (2020). Quantification Of Reducing Sugars Based On The Qualitative Technique Of Benedict. ACS Omega, 5. https://doi.org/10.1021/Acsomega.0c04467

Ibrahim, R. M., Nasir, N. N. M., Abu Bakar, M. Z., Mahmud, R., & Ab Razak, N. A. (2021). The authentication and grading of edible bird’s nest by metabolite, nutritional, and mineral profiling. Foods, 10(7), 1574. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10071574

Juniwati, D., Latif, H., Purnawarman, T., & Shuqi, Z. (2023). Utilization Of Ultrasonic Waves To Reduce Nitrite Levels In Edible Bird Nest. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 11. https://doi.org/10.17582/Journal.Aavs/2023/11.8.1405.1410

Karwowska, M., & Kononiuk, A. (2020). Nitrates/Nitrites In Food—Risk For Nitrosative Stress And Benefits. Antioxidants, 9(3), 241. https://doi.org/10.3390/Antiox9030241

Khan, S., Khan, S., Khan, L., Farooq, A., Akhtar, K., & Asiri, A. M. (2018). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals And Application In Functional Groups And Nanomaterials Characterization. In Handbook of Materials Characterization (pp. 317–344). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92955-2_9

Lan, T., Dong, Y., Jiang, L., Zhang, Y., & Sui, X. (2024). Analytical Approaches For Assessing Protein Structure In Protein-Rich Food: A Comprehensive Review. Food Chemistry: X, 22, 101365. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Fochx.2024.101365

Le, T. T. H., Fettig, J., & Meon, G. (2019). Kinetics And Simulation Of Nitrification At Various Ph Values Of A Polluted River In The Tropics. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, 19(1), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Ecohyd.2018.06.006

Li, H., Song, Y., Zhou, B., & Xu, H. (2024). Nitrite: From Application To Detection And Development. Applied Sciences, 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199027

Marcone, M. F. (2005). Characterization Of The Edible Bird’s Nest The “Caviar Of The East. Food Research International, 38(10), 1125–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Foodres.2005.02.008

Moradi, M., & Hosseini, M.-J. (2016). Carbon nitride nanotube as a chemical sensor for melamine: A theoretical study. Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, 60(4), 200–206. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/rbGRn

Nasir, N. N. M., Ibrahim, R. M., Abu Bakar, M. Z., Mahmud, R., & Ab Razak, N. A. (2021). Characterization and extraction influence protein profiling of edible bird’s nest. Foods, 10(10), 2248. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102248

Ningrum, S. G. (2023). The Potency Of Citrus Aurantiifolia Swingle And Sea Salt Solution As A Cleansing Agent For Edible Bird’s Nests. Makara Journal of Science, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/Mss.V27i1.1361

Nurprialdi, B., Gani, V., Halda, S., Ardiani, P., & Panjaitan, R. (2023). Qualitative and Quantitative Identification of Carbohydrates In Commercial Yoghurt Products. Indonesian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research, 2, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.31869/Ijpr.V2i2.4134

Oktavia, F., & Sutoyo, S. (2021). Skrining Fitokimia, Kandungan Flavonoid Total, Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Tumbuhan Selaginella Doederleinii. Jurnal Kimia Riset, 6, 141. https://doi.org/10.20473/Jkr.V6i2.30904

Paydar, M., Wong, Y. L., Wong, W. F., Hamdi, O. A. A., Kadir, N. A., & Looi, C. Y. (2013). Prevalence Of Nitrite And Nitrate Contents And Its Effect On Edible Bird Nest’s Color. Journal Of Food Science, 78(12), 1940–1947. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12313

Raubenheimer, K., Bondonno, C., Blekkenhorst, L., Wagner, K.-H., Peake, J. M., & Neubauer, O. (2019). Effects Of Dietary Nitrate On Inflammation And Immune Function, And Implications For Cardiovascular Health. Nutrition Reviews, 77(8), 584–599. https://doi.org/10.1093/Nutrit/Nuz025

Seyyedsalehi, M. S., Mohebbi, E., Tourang, F., Sasanfar, B., Boffetta, P., & Zendehdel, K. (2023). Association Of Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite, And N-Nitroso Compounds Intake And Gastrointestinal Cancers: A. Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Toxics, 11(2), 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/Toxics11020190

Utomo, B., Rosyidi, D., Radiate, L. E., & Purnomo, H. (2016). Metode penurunan kandungan nitrite dengan pencucian menggunakan asam askorbat pada tiga jenis sarang burung walet asal Indonesia. Efektor, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.29407/e.v3i1.209

Wang, C., Dong, S., Wang, Y., Guo, T., Gao, G., Lu, Z., & Pan, B. (2020). Selective Removal Of Nitrate Via The Synergistic Effect Of Oxygen Vacancies And Plasmon-Induced Hot Carriers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 397, 125435. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Cej.2020.125435

Yeo, B.-H., Tang, T.-K., Wong, S.-F., Tan, C.-P., Wang, Y., Cheong, L.-Z., & Lai, O.-M. (2021). Potential Residual Contaminants In Edible Bird’s Nest. Frontiers In Pharmacology, 12, 631136. https://doi.org/10.3389/Fphar.2021.631136

Zhi, M., Ou, M., Chen, Y., Xiao, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2023). Achievement and microbial profiles of non-aerated partial nitrification in photo sequencing batch and continuous flow reactors. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 53, 103600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103600

Zhi, M., Zhou, Z., Yang, C., Chen, Y., Xiao, Y., & Meng, F. (2023). Solid Retention Time Regulates Partial Nitrification By Algal-Bacterial Consortia In Wastewater Treatment Performance and Mechanism. Chemical Engineering Journal, 452, 139537. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Cej.2022.139537

Author Biographies

Alvin Juniawan, Universitas Islam Al-Azhar

Arista Suci Andini, Universitas Islam Al-Azhar

Syuhriatin, Universitas Islam Al-Azhar

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Alvin Juniawan, Arista Suci Andini, Syuhriatin

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).