Toxicity, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Test of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Jamblang Leaves (Syzygium cumini L.)
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i4.12634Published:
2026-04-25Downloads
Abstract
Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) is a plant from the Myrtaceae family that is used as a traditional medicine, especially its leaves. This study aims to determine the toxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate extract of jamblang leaves and to identify its secondary metabolite compounds. The toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that the ethyl acetate extract of jamblang leaves had an LC₅₀ value of 174.602 ppm, which falls into the toxic category. The antioxidant test using the DPPH method showed an IC₅₀ value of 4.268 µg/mL, which is classified as strong, although still weaker than vitamin C (IC₅₀ = 2.437 µg/mL). The antibacterial test against Streptococcus mutans using the disc diffusion method produced inhibition zones of 2.58 mm (20%), 6.61 mm (30%), and 9.08 mm (40%), with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 25%. Identification of secondary metabolites using GC-MS revealed 38 compounds belonging to terpenoid, ester and aromatic Hyhrocarbons groups. These results indicate that the ethyl acetate extract of jamblang leaves possesses toxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, thus having the potential to be developed as a phytopharmaceutical.
Keywords:
Antibacterial Antioxidant Jamblang Streptococcus mutans ToxicityReferences
Abdelwahab, S. I., Mariod, A. A., Taha, M. M. E., Zaman, F. Q., Abdelmageed, A. H. A., Khamis, S., ... & Awang, K. (2017). Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Cinnamomum altissimum Kosterm.(Lauraceae). Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10(1), 131-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.02.001
Abriyani, E., Amirulloh, N., Ulfiani, L., Fathurrohmah, A., & Rismawati, A. (2023). Literatur Riview Jurnal Uji Antioksidan Tanaman Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) Menggunakan Metode Dpph Dengan Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 9(5), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691556
Ariyani, H., Nazemi, M., Hamidah, H., & Kurniati, M. (2018). Uji efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit limau kuit (Cytrus hystrix Dc) terhadap beberapa bakteri. JCPS (Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Sciences), 2(1), 136-141. ISSN : 2598-2095
Aryanti, R., Perdana, F., & Syamsudin, R. A. M. R. (2021). Telaah Metode Pengujian Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze): Study of Antioxidan Activity Testing Methods of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i1.2024
Balafif, R. A. R., Andayani, Y., & Gunawan, R. (2013). Analisis Senyawa Triterpenoid dari Hasil Fraksinasi Ekstrak Air Buah Buncis (Phaseolus Vulgaris Linn). 6(2), 56–61
Bhardwaj, K., Rohit, S., Natalia, C.M., Marian, V., Navneet, K, U., Kamil, K., Prerna, B. (2022). Studies of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Pinus gerardiana and Pinus roxburghii Seed Extracts. Journal BioMed Research International. doi: 10.1155/2022/5938610
Chismirina, S., Rezeki, S., & Rusiwan, Z. (2014). Konsentrasi Hambat dan Bunuh Minimum Ekstrak Buah Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Cakradonya Dental Journal. 6(1), 655-660. http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=3356271&val=29421&title=Konsentrasi%20Hambat%20dan%20Bunuh%20Minimum%20Ekstrak%20Buah%20Jamblang%20Syzygium%20Cumini%20Terhadap%20Pertumbuhan%20Candida%20Albicans
Chusniasih, D., Farmasi, P. S., Kedokteran, F., & Malahayati, U, (2020). Uji Toksisitas Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan Identifikasi Komponen Fitokimia Ekstrak, 2(02), 192–201. https://doi.org/10.23960/aec.v5i2.2020.p192-201
Hardiningtyas, S. D., Purwaningsih, S., & Handharyani, E. (2014). Aktivitas antioksidan dan efek hepatoprotektif daun bakau api-api putih. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 17(1), 80-91.
Hemenway, N, J., Thiago, C C., Venkatramana, M R., Yongmei, W., Jaquan, K L., Ajit, S N., Srinivasa, R P., Howard, H S., Sailesh, A V. (2012). Formation of Reactive Impurities in Aqueous and Neat Polyethylene Glycol 400 and Effects of Antioxidants and Oxidation Inducers. Journal Pharm Sci. 101(9): 3305-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.23198
Irawan, H., Syera, S., Ekawati, N., & Tisnadjaja, D. (2020). Pengaruh Proses Maserasi dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Pelarut Etanol Terhadap Kandungan Senyawa Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dan Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam). Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung. 6(2), 252-264. e-ISSN. 2477-1821
Jiang, Z., Yicun, C., Fen, Y., Weizhou, C., Shuping, Z., Fuchun, Z., Ganggang, S. (2023). Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antischistosomal Activities of Extracts from Grateloupia livida (Harv). Yamada. Journal PloS one. 23;8 (11): e80413. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080413
Junairiah, Fatimah, Nurhariyati, T., & Zuraidassanaaz, N. I. (2023). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Syzygium cumini L. leaves in tropical region from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2023.104.112
T., & Zuraidassanaaz, N. I. (2023). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Syzygium cumini L. leaves in tropical region from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2023.104.112
Karunia, S. D., Supartono, M. A., & Sumarni, W. (2017). Analisis Sifat Antibakteri Ekstrak Biji Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) dengan pelarut organik. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, 6(1), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcs.v6i1.11288
Leboe, D. W., Fitrah, M., & Jumasni, J. (2018). Toksisitas Fraksi Daun Boboan (Cleome rutidosperma DC) terhadap Larva Udang Artemia salina. Ad-Dawaa'Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v1i2.11336
Lestari, R. P., Sy, R. H., & Teruna, H. Y. (2019). Analisis Fitokimia Dan Toksisitas Dari Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Mempening (Lithocarpus bancanus (Scheff.) Rehd) Menggunakan Metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). JOPS (Journal Of Pharmacy and Science), 2(2), 29-33. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/287316779.pdf
ltaf, M., Shah, I, N., Muhammad, K, M., Muhammad, S., Mubarak, S., Muhammad, A., Syed, S, A., Adnan, A. (2024). DFT, GC-MS Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Limbarda crithmoides L. Dumort essential oil; an Important Edible Halophyte Grown in Pakistan. Natural Product Research. 1 : 1-8 doi: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2362426
Mahmiah, M., Rama, S. P., & Riwanti, P. (2020). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Rhizophora mucronata Poiret terhadap Salmonella thypi, Lignières 1900 (Enterobacteriaceae: Gammaproteobacteria). Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 23(2), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i2.5577
Marliani, L., Kusriani, H., & Indah Sari, N, (2014), Prosiding SNaPP2014 Sains, Teknologi, dan Kesehatan, Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun dan Buah Jamblang (Syzigium Cumini L.) Skeel, 201–206.
Martiningsih, N. W., Widana, G. A. B., & Kristiyanti, P. L. P. (2016). Skrining fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata) dengan metode DPPH. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA
Maulydya, C. E., Yuniarti, R., Dalimunthe, G. I., & Nasution, H. M. (2023). Analisis Aktivitas Antioksidan Teh Daun Jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) Dengan Metode DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl). Farmasainkes: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan, 2(2), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.32696/fjfsk.v2i2.1890
Mokosuli, Y. S. Potu. V. V., Pendong. D. F. (2021). Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Ekstrak Sarang Lebah Madu (Apis dorsata Binghami). Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Undiksha, 8(3), 138-144. e-ISSN : 2599-1485
Muhammad, F. N., & Hidajati, N. (2020). Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder dari Hasil Isolasi Ekstrak Diklorometana Kulit Batang Juwet (Syzygium cumini) dan Uji Toksisitas. Unesa Journal of Chemistry. 9(2), 151-155. https://doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v9n2.p151-155
Nola, F., Putri, G. K., Malik, L. H., & Andriani, N. (2021). Isolasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Steroid Dan Terpenoid dari 5 tanaman. Syntax Idea, 3(7), 1612-1619 https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v3i7.1307
Poyil, M. M., Alsharif, M. H. K., El-Bidawy, M. H., Dayel, S. B., Khan, M. S., Omar, Z. M. M., ... & Abd El, A. E. L. S. (2024). Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD). Life. 15(1), 35.
Purwanto, D., Bahri, S., & Ridhay, A. (2017). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Buah Purnajiwa (Kopsia arborea Blume.) dengan Berbagai Pelarut. Kovalen: Jurnal riset kimia, 3(1), 24-32 https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775398.2017.v3.i1.8230
Rahman FA, Haniastuti T, Utami TW. (2017). Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) pada Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 3(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.11325
Raja, A, S., Saiqa, A., Aneela, J., Sana, S., Fahed, P., Hafsah, M., Sohaib, A., Falak, N. (2023). Green Synthesised AuNPs using Ajuga Bracteosa extract and AuNPs-Free Supernatant Exhibited Equivalent Antibacterial and Anticancerous Efficacies. Journal PubChem NCBI, 7:18(8) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282485
Retnowati Y., Bialangi N., Posangi N.W. 2011. Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Pada Media Yang Diekspos Dengan Infus Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata). Saintek. 6(2) https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ST/article/view/405
Reza, S, Md., Md, Badrul, I., Samia, S., Farzana, M., ABM, Hamidul, H., Md, Sabir, H., Farha, M, J., Subrata, B., Kazi, R, U., Md, Mahmudul, H., Salina, A., Afroza, P., Md, Omar, A, M. (2024). Isolation, Characterization, and Analysis of Pure Compounds from Leea macrophylla Leaf Extract for Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Cytotoxicity and Phytotoxicity. Journal Biochemistry and biophysics reports. 8:40:101841. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101841
Rosannah, A. F., Pasaribu, N., & Hannum, S, (2015), Distribusi Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels di Aceh Besar, Biosfera, 32(3), 143–146 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268410367.pdf
Safriani, L., Nasution, M. P., Munandar, H., Rahayu, Y. P., Nasution, M. P., Studi, P., Farmasi, F., Nusantara, M., Washliyah, A., Garu, J., & No, I. I, (2023), Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Efek Sitotoksisitas Daun Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) pada Larva Udang Artemia Salina Leach Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test The Effect Of Extraction Method on The Effect of Citotoxicity of Jamblang Leaf ( Sy. 3(1), 87–101. https://doi.org/10.32696/farmasainkes.v3i1.2381
Sangi, M. S., Momuat, L. I., & Kumaunang, M. (2012). Uji toksisitas dan skrining fitokimia tepung gabah pelepah aren (Arenga pinnata). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 127-134. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/view/716
Sari, A. N. (2017). Potensi Antioksidan Alami Pada Ekstrak Daun Jamblang (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels). Eksakta, 18(02), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol18-iss02/61
Sari, A. N., Kusdianti, K., & Diningrat, D. S. (2018). Analisis GC-MS Senyawa Bioaktif Pencegah Penyakit Degeneratif Dari Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Jamblang (Syzygium cumini). Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology. 4(2), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v4i2.4143
Sayuti, K., dan Yenrina, R. (2015). Antioksidan Alami Dan Sintetik. Andalas University Press
Setiani, N. N., Adiputra, I. G. K., & Sitepu, I. (2020). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Buah Jeruk Nipis Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Penyebab Karies Gigi. Jurnal Widya Biologi. 11(2), 217-226. ISSN : 2655-6456
Setyaningrum, M. (2017). Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif dan Toksisitas Hayati Ekstrak n-Heksana, Etil Asetat dan etanol Mikroalga Tetraselmis chuii Secara Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Indonesian Journal of Industrial Research. 34(1), 8-17. ISSN: 0215-1243
Soelama, H. J., Kepel, B. J., & Siagian, K. V. (2015). Uji minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ekstrak rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans. e-GiGi, 3(2). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/egigi/article/view/9630
Sungkar, S., Agustina, D., Supartinah, A., & Haniastuti, T, (2018), The Effect of Jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels) Leaves Ethanolic Extract on the Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Hydroxyapatite, Advances in Health Science Research. 8(Idcsu 2017), 294–297, https://doi.org/10.2991/idcsu-17.2018.7
Vitalia, N., Najib, A., & Ahmad, A. R. (2016). Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Pletekan (Ruellia tuberosa L.) dengan Menggunakan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 3(1), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v3i1.171
Wang, N., Junxia, A., Zhijun, Z., Yingqian, L., Jiangou, F., Zhigang, Y. (2022). The Antimicrobial Activity and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Peganum harmala L. Based on HPLC and HS-SPME-GC-MS. Journal Frontiers in Microbiology. 19(13) https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.916371
Zulfiah, Z., Megawati, M., Herman, H., Lau, S. H. A., Hasyim, M. F., Murniati, M., & Patandung, G. (2020). Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Rimpang Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) Terhadap Larva Udang (Artemia salina Leach) dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Jurnal Farmasi Sandi Karsa, 6(1), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.36060/jfs.v6i1.67
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Zultira Harina Roza, Lenni Fitri, Amalia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
