Designing STEM-Based Interactive Learning for Teachers in Elementary, Junior, and High School in Indonesia
DOI:
10.29303/jppipa.v12i8.14806Published:
2026-08-25Downloads
Abstract
This research focuses on designing and implementing STEM-based interactive learning for teachers in elementary, middle, and high schools in Indonesia. Recognizing the critical role of teachers in the effective implementation of STEM education, this study aims to develop and evaluate strategies to enhance teachers' pedagogical skills, motivation, and classroom management by integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) into interactive learning frameworks. Although interest in STEM education in Indonesia is growing, there remains a significant gap in the availability of structured learning resources that can simultaneously support teachers across all school levels. Previous research has typically focused on a single subject or a specific school level, leaving a gap in integrated support for STEM teachers across all school levels. The current educational system in Indonesia often relies on one-way teaching methods, which impede student engagement and critical thinking. In response, this study examines the incorporation of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education through project-based learning within the framework of the Kurikulum Merdeka. The data was collected from 99 teachers working in primary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools via structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, which indicated that they had already implemented STEM education in their schools. However, they encountered difficulties in developing lesson plans and STEM projects for each level. Specifically, 85.7% of teachers stated that they had implemented STEM learning, whilst all survey participants indicated that they required more organized STEM lesson plan templates and rubrics. The data also revealed that teachers at these levels utilize STEM projects as part of more engaging and interactive classroom learning.
Keywords:
Interactive products STEM product TEM-based learningReferences
Afriana, J., Permanasari, A., & Fitriani, A. (2016). Project based learning integrated to stem to enhance elementary school’s students scientific literacy. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 5(2), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v5i2.5493
Alimah, S., & Marianti, A. (2016). Jelajah Alam Sekitar Pendekatan, Strategi, Model dan Metode Pembelajaran Biologi Berkarakter untuk Konservasi. Semarang: FMIPA UNNES.
Bybee, R. W. (2013). The case for STEM education: Challenges and opportunities. NSTA Press.
Cahyadi, N. (2020). Perbedaan Teknik Pembelajaran, Pendekatan Pembelajaran. Disdik Purwakarta Kabupaten.
English, L. D. (2016). STEM education K-12: perspectives on integration. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0036-1
Faisal, & Martin, S. N. (2019). Science education in Indonesia: past, present, and future. Asia-Pacific Science Education, 5(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41029-019-0032-0
Falentina, C. T., Lidinillah, D. A. M., & Mulyana, E. H. (2018). Mobil Bertenaga Angin : Media Berbasis STEM untuk Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. All Rights Reserved, 5(3), 152–162. Retrieved from http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/pedadidaktika/index
Gusman, T. A., Novitasari, N., & Yulina, I. K. (2023). Effect of STEM Integrated Problem-Based Learning Model on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Materials. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(10), 8911–8917. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.5163
Han, J., Kelley, T., & Knowles, J. G. (2021). Factors Influencing Student STEM Learning: Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy, 21st Century Skills, and Career Awareness. Journal for STEM Education Research, 4(2), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-021-00053-3
Herro, D., & Quigley, C. (2017). Exploring teachers’ perceptions of STEAM teaching through professional development: implications for teacher educators. Professional Development in Education, 43(3), 416–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2016.1205507
Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0046-z
Kennedy, T. J., & Odell, M. R. L. (2014). Engaging Students In STEM Education. Science Education International, 25(3), 246–258. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1044508
Khuyen, N. T. T., Van Bien, N., Lin, P.-L., Lin, J., & Chang, C.-Y. (2020). Measuring Teachers’ Perceptions to Sustain STEM Education Development. Sustainability, 12(4), 1531. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041531
Lavi, R., Tal, M., & Dori, Y. J. (2021). Perceptions of STEM alumni and students on developing 21st century skills through methods of teaching and learning. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 70, 101002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101002
Margot, K. C., & Kettler, T. (2019). Teachers’ perception of STEM integration and education: a systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0151-2
Maria, H., & Paidi, P. (2024). Development of Interactive E-Module Integrated with Science, Environment, Technology, Society on Environmental Change Material. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(3), 1220–1228. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.6877
Martín‐Páez, T., Aguilera, D., Perales‐Palacios, F. J., & Vílchez‐González, J. M. (2019). What are we talking about when we talk about STEM education? A review of literature. Science Education, 103(4), 799–822. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21522
Mudyahardjo, R. (2014). Pengantar Pendidikan: Sebuah Studi Awal Tentang Dasar-Dasar Pendidikan pada Umumnya dan Pendidikan di Indonesia. Rajawali Pers.
Mustikawati, M., & Isdaryanti, B. (2024). Interactive Media Based on Articulate Storyline to Improve IPAS Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(8), 6045–6052. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i8.8271
Ntemngwa, C., & Oliver, J. S. (2018). The Implementation of Integrated Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Instruction using Robotics in the Middle School Science Classroom. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 12–40. https://doi.org/10.18404/ijemst.380617
Padmawati, K., Suyanto, S., Pertiwi, K. R., & Wulan, A. N. (2025). The Impact of STEM Education on Critical Thinking Skills: A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(12), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i12.13397
Permanasari, A. (2016). STEM Education: Inovasi dalam Pembelajaran Sains. Prosiding SNPS (Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sains). Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/289792418.pdf
Taqiyyah, S. A., Subali, B. S., Linuwih, S., Ellianawati, Siswanto, & Yusof, M. M. bin M. (2023). Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Android dengan Pendekatan STEM untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(12), 11151–11164. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.4595
Thibaut, L., Ceuppens, S., De Loof, H., De Meester, J., Goovaerts, L., Struyf, A., Boeve-de Pauw, J., Dehaene, W., Deprez, J., De Cock, M., Hellinckx, L., Knipprath, H., Langie, G., Struyven, K., Van de Velde, D., Van Petegem, P., & Depaepe, F. (2018). Integrated STEM Education: A Systematic Review of Instructional Practices in Secondary Education. European Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/85525
Toma, R. B., & Greca, I. M. (2018). The Effect of Integrative STEM Instruction on Elementary Students’ Attitudes toward Science. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(4), 1383–1395. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/83676
Trianto. (2007). Model-Model Pembelajaran Inovatif Berorientasi Konstruktivistik. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka Raya.
Tseng, K.-H., Chang, C.-C., Lou, S.-J., & Chen, W.-P. (2013). Attitudes towards science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in a project-based learning (PjBL) environment. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 23(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-011-9160-x
Tuyet, T. L. T., Thi, K. N., Tran Duc, H., Tran Thi Giao, X., Vo Thi, N., Huynh Kim Tuong, V., Do Thi Nhu, U., & Le Thi Mai, A. (2024). STEM education in primary schools of Southeast Asian countries: An analysis of scientific publications in the Scopus database from 2000 to 2022. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 20(4), em2433. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/14432
Utari, P. H., Subagia, I. W., & Sudiatmika, A. A. I. A. R. (2024). D Development of Junior High School Science E-Module Integrated with Socio-Cultural of Balinese Society to Improvw Students Science Literacy. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(3), 1093–1104. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.7151
Wahono, B., & Chang, C.-Y. (2019). Assessing Teacher’s Attitude, Knowledge, and Application (AKA) on STEM: An Effort to Foster the Sustainable Development of STEM Education. Sustainability, 11(4), 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040950
Widodo, W., Sudibyo, E., Suryanti, S., Sari, D. A. P., Inzanah, I., & Setiawan, B. (2020). The Effectiveness of Gadget-Based Interactive Multimedia in Improving Generation Z’s Scientific Literacy. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(2), 248–256. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i2.23208
Yulia, R. (2021). STEM dan Model-model Pembelajaran. Widyaiswara Muda LPMP Provinsi Aceh.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Christina Ester Manthalina Hutabarat, Erlin Yuliana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
